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About Waters
BioBotanical Extraction Mass Balance Calculations
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Mass balance calculations can be used as a tool to track
products through their entire processing cycle. Working off of the principle
of mass conservation, accurate mass balance accounting ensures that every
gram of high-value product is accounted for in a processing workflow, such as
BioBotanical Extraction. Waters BioBotanical Extraction Mass Balance
Calculators are tools designed to aid in the generation of extraction mass
balance data by bringing together extraction mass data and analytical testing
results. This allows the processor to track high-value compound(s) of
interest throughout the extraction cycle and provides feedback for optimizing
extractions for a targeted outcome.
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Waters
BioBotanical Total Mass Yield Calculator
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Waters BioBotanical Total Mass Yield Calculator is designed to
help generate basic mass yield data for an extraction cycle. Mass yield data
gives the processor a high level overview of what went into the system and
what came out. However, it does not inform the user on any targeted outcomes.
For targeted mass balance information, use Waters BioBotanical Compound of
Interest Mass Balance Calculator.
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Waters
BioBotanical Compound of Interest Mass Balance Calculator
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Waters BioBotanical Compound of Interest Mass Balance Calculator
is designed to track mass balance results for a specific Compound of Interest
(COI), or a group of compounds, in an extraction cycle. Targeted mass balance
provides information for the extraction of specific compounds determined by
the processor. The calculations require that the user assay for particular
COIs, and the results inform on the extraction of those targeted compounds.
For a group of compounds, simply pool the assay (testing) results for all
compounds of interest. Example: For Total Cannabinoid pool assay results for
all cannabinoids in a sample, for Total Terpene pool assay results for all
terpenes in a sample.
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Directions for Using Waters BioBotanical Mass Balance
Calculators
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Entering Mass Data
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1.) Record the initial mass of BioBotanical material that is loaded
into the extraction vessel. Note: The Waters extraction basket makes weighing the starting
material and cleaning the extraction vessel fast and simple. E.g. Record the
weight of the basket prior to loading material. Record the weight of the
basket after loading the material. Subtract the mass of the empty basket from
the mass of the loaded basket to determine the mass of the starting material.
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2.) Record the mass
of extract collected from each fraction.
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3.) Record the mass
of wash solvent collected, if a solvent wash is performed.
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4.) Record the
moisture content of the starting material (% water in starting
material).
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5.) Record the mass
of raffinate. Weigh spent material in extraction vessel; leave blank if
unknown. Waters extraction basket makes weighing the raffinate and cleaning
the extraction vessel fast and simple. E.g. Weigh the basket with the
raffinate inside and subtract the weight of the basket.
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6.) While less
accurate, the mass of raffinate can be estimated without actually weighing
the spent material; this is based on the extract collected and moisture
content. This value will be used if the actual mass of raffinate is unknown.
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Entering Assay Results
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Samples
submitted for analysis should be homogeneous (well mixed) and representative
of the larger batch. Record assay results as mass percentages [(g COI/g
Extract) X 100].
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Submit the following
samples for COI analysis, and enter result in the calculator:
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7.) Starting
BioBotanical material
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8.) Extracts
collected
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9.) Raffinate
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Definitions:
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• Assay result refers to the
quantitative analysis of target compound(s). An assay result is most commonly
generated via chromatographic analysis. For the purposes of performing mass
balance calculations, the assay result should be presented as a mass
percentage of a total mixture (e.g. grams of COI per gram of extract).
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• COI or Compound of Interest is the
target compound/s of the extraction. In hemp extraction this could be a
single compound such as Cannabidiol (CBD), or it could be a mixture of
compounds such as total cannabinoids or total terpenes.
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•
Collection 1-4 refers
to the various extract fractions collected during an extraction cycle.
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•
Initial mass refers
to the mass of BioBotanical material loaded into the extraction vessel.
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• Mass percentage is the percent COI
in the total mass that is being sampled. For example, if there are 150mg of
CBD in 1,000mg of extract, the mass percentage of CBD in the extract is 15%
(m/m).
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[150mg CBD
divided by 1,000mg Extract] gives the mass fraction 0.15mg CBD per milligram
of Extract. Multiply the mass fraction by 100 to get the mass percentage of
CBD in the extract.
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•
Mass yield (Actual)
is the mass of COI collected during an extraction cycle.
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• Mass yield (Theoretical) is the
calculated mass of COI expected based on the analysis of the initial
BioBotanical material. It is the yield expected if all of the COI is
extracted and collected from the initial BioBotanical material. The
theoretical yield is highly dependent upon obtaining a representative sample
of the starting material.
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• Mass yield (Total) identifies the
amount of total extract collected during an extraction, without any reference
to specific COIs. Comparing the COI mass yield to the total mass yield
provides information on the selectivity of the extraction.
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• Moisture content is the percent of
the starting BioBotanical material that consists of water. Moisture content
can be measured a number of ways; for example a common way for determining
moisture content is by mass loss upon drying. For this determination weigh a
sample of the starting material, place in an oven and reweigh until the final
mass stops decreasing.
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[Moisture
content = (initial mass of starting material – mass on drying)/(initial mass
of starting material) X 100]
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• Percent COI counted compares the
mass of COI accounted for in the calculator’s calculations to the mass of COI
in the initial BioBotanical material. It compares the amount of COI in the
starting material to all of the COI accounted for in the various
calculations. It gives an idea of the total “error” in using the calculator.
Most commonly deviations from 100% result from failing to submit fully
representative samples for testing, but it is difficult to determine the root
of the error.
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• Percent COI in extract is the mass
percent of target compound that is in an extract from an extraction cycle.
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• Percent COI in raffinate is the
mass percent of target compound that remains in the raffinate after the
completion of an extraction cycle. This value is strongly dependent upon
obtaining a representative sample of the raffinate, which can be challenging.
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• Percent yield is the ratio of what
was actually physically collected to what was calculated based upon the
starting material.
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[Percent Yield =
(Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) X 100]
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• Raffinate is the material
remaining in the extraction vessel after an extraction process. A solvent
wash can help remove residual compounds of interest from the raffinate at the
end of an extraction cycle.
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• Solvent wash is used to help
ensure that the maximum amount of target compound has been extracted and
collected during the extraction cycle. The wash is performed by introducing a
secondary solvent, such as ethanol, at the end of an extraction cycle. It can
be used to help extract target compounds from the raffinate and to remove any
extract that had adhered to the walls of the collection vessels.
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